All French-Canadians are related as they are descended from about 2.500 people. They also have some of the best kept records in the world. Please feel free to post queries, events, pictures, tell stories, etc.
Anthony, for your PAULIN(T) keep your eyes open for the HUS family, descended from Paul HUS which has a number of "dit" names such as PAULHUS, PAULET(TE), and MILLET to name a few.
Anthony, have you seen the series of articles by Virginia DeMARCE published in LOST IN CANADA on "Canadian Participants In The American Revolution - An Index"? It mentions Anthony PAULINT (apparently not descended from the HUS family). He was born in 1737, diocese of Grenoble, France, son of Antoine PAULINT & Marie-Dominique VALOIS of the parish of St-Paul-de-Varse.
From the French-Canadian Heritage Society of Michigan:
Hello Folks,
I just wanted to let you know that I updated the Contents bibliography for Michigan's Habitant Heritage. It now covers from 1998 to 2010. Point your browser to http://fchsm.habitant.org/Journal.html, slip down the page to the Contents subheading, and then click on the Contents button. Alternatively, you can just point your browser to http://fchsm.habitant.org/MHHContents.pdf to go directly to the bibliography. The file is in Adobe Acrobat format so you will need the Adobe Acrobat Reader to view it.
The bibliography is sorted by author and article title. However, you can use the search feature in Adobe Acrobat to look for subjects of interest.
It is my goal to enter all our table of contents back to 1980, the founding year for our journal and Society.
Regards,
John P. DuLong, Ph.D. Acadian and French-Canadian Genealogy 959 Oxford Road Berkley, MI 48072-2011 (248) 541-2894, home (248) 890-4853, cell http://habitant.org
Thanks to Suzanne Sommerville, current editor of Michigan's Habitant Heritage, for permission to reprint the following from her handout on French-Canadian research.
From handout by Suzanne Sommerville:
SEVENTEENTH- AND EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY RECORDS (considered in historical perspective):
TANGUAY
Tanguay, L’Abbé Cyprian. Dictionnaire Généalogique des Familles Canadiennes.
Éditions Élysée, 1975 reprint in seven volumes, originally published 1871-1890.
The great-grandfather of French-Canadian genealogy. Selected and transcribed vital records from the beginnings of the New France colony to scattered references to late 18th century. Not all parish registers consulted, but contains documentation for some original records that have since disappeared, such as some of the Sorel parish records. Flawed by many guesses, “corrections” or assumed additions; incorrect links of children to parents; and the suppression of illegitimate births. Tanguay’s valuable work has been revised ever since it first appeared. Some corrections and additions were provided by LEBOEUF in the 1950s. Use Tanguay with extreme caution, especially for events without a precise date. Tanguay is available on CD-Rom and in some libraries in book form, and from the Web, a huge file. Remember that “n” is naissance (birth) and “b” is baptême (baptism); “s” is sépulture (burial), not death (décès)
CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST LATTER DAY SAINTS, the Mormons : FHL
The largest genealogical data base in the world. You can access its card catalog and key databases online or at local Family History Centers. Unfortunately, this data base is not particularly helpful for modern French-Canadian genealogy as most of the contributions were taken from the older indexes and not from more current research. Microfilms of actual parish, notarial, and census records, though, can be borrowed and used at FHL centers and are VERY valuable, as are the internet digital images of records at Family Search Pilot.
“RED” DROUIN
Commissioned by the Drouin Institute, which researched “pedigrees” for pay and went out of business in 1970. Originally based mainly on Tanguay and, therefore, subject to the same cautions and restrictions. Now on CD- Rom. Called “red” because of the color of the cover of the book.
JETTÉ
Jetté, René. Dictionnaire généalogique des familles du Québec.
Les Presses de l’Université de Montréal. 1983. Copy at Mount Clemens Library.
Vital records up to 1730 only, based on PRDH as of 1983 but without references to many notarial records and other primary sources consulted since 1983. Valuable, but contains some errors or misreadings. Updates and corrections have been published in a variety of sources, including PRDH.
“BLUE” DROUIN: marriages-only dictionaries, indexed by male and female last names, that cover the years 1760-1935. The Blue Drouin in book form is rare; only 18 copies are accessible to the public. See also http://www.francogene.com/qc-res/blue.php
PRDH Programme de recherche en démographie historique – Currently *BEST* for records from the mother colony, to 1799, less complete for originally French settlements in modern-day U. S. [In English: Program of research in historical demography]
A NEW reading and computerization of actual extant records, begun in the 1960s and committed to ongoing corrections and additions. Originally designed to support research in demographics, population patterns, as its title states, so links were not attempted among families in the book form edition. Spelling is as found on the records (or as read by whoever did the reading from the originals!). You may well find the same ancestor listed under varied spellings and one or more "dit" or “dite,” the feminine version, (called or also-known-as) names, but names have been standardized on the Internet version to ease searching. Contains references from early censuses, confirmations, lists of patients at some hospitals, etc. The Internet edition provides family links. All names recorded in the text of a document are transcribed, such as parents, godparents (although not identified as such), witnesses, officiating priests, and sometimes brothers or sisters
or other relatives of married couples, if mentioned in the text, for all records, basically, to 1765. Later “certificates” are not as complete. Names of those who only signed a document, such as a marriage contract, are NOT listed if the names do not appear in the text. I have found some interesting information by examining copies of the originals to see all of the signatures. Some labels on the “certificates,” such as whether an individual was present at an event (for example, the father and mother of a baptized child) can cause misunderstanding in interpreting the original event. All that can be said is that the parents were considered to be alive at the time of the record unless one or both signed as present.
PRDH: Programme de recherche en démographie historique (Program of research in historical demography). Gaëtan Morin Éditeur. http://www.genealogie.umontreal.ca
Available in book format, records to 1765; on CD-Rom to 1799 (very expensive), and on the Internet to 1799, with some deaths after 1799 now included. There is an English version. You can browse the Internet site at no cost but must subscribe to see the full “certificates” available. Cost is very reasonable. Background material on the site is wonderful. Take the time to read it and to examine the sample documents and to consult the glossary. Also see Name Variations.
So, when ONLY Tanguay or the earlier sources, for both genealogy and history, are cited, researchers must understand that genealogical and historical research is on-going.
I might add that in Suzanne Sommerville's handout she mentions the "Blue Drouin" dictionaries. This master index is available in a combination book & microfiche form at the Library of Michigan in Lansing. Fort Wayne, Allen Co. Library in IN has the index and the microfilm of the parishes records.
Just recently posted some of my French-Canadian surnames on Facebook so will pass them on here just in case someone may be related! Of course this is only just a few of them: Brisson, Marotte, Plante, Theroux, Audette, Ruel, Soucy, Limoges. Quebec is where all of these names are from in Canada, France is a different situation altogether.
Hi Iam looking for the birth of Charles Crawford born in Canada about 1816 His father was John Crawford a baker As found in Charles marriage cert in London 1847 Came to UK as a mariner and stayed
Found a Charles Crofort father Jean born May 1815 The birth was in French
Tim, does not sound like CRAWFORD is French, unless it is some take on a French name. However, he may have married a French-Canadian lady. You say you found what you think may be a birth record in French? Where did you find this, and did it give a mother's name?
James: Merci beaucoup! Thank you so much for all this information. Now if I just had a few extra minutes... you already know that the Crevier name is in my family (Crevier dit Bellerive). The Creviers immigrated towards the end of the 19th c. like many others, to New England. My great great grandparents, Henri and Mathilda Leroux Crevier lived briefly in Woonsocket RI and then settled on a farm in New Braintree, MA. My great grandmother, Mary, was one of the older children of 10. She married Joseph Lacasse (Casse) and had one child with him (my grandfather, Arthur J. Casse) but then Joseph died very young (25). Mary remarried a few years later and I guess they lost touch with the Casse side of the family, but stayed close to the Creviers. The name "Casse" was originally "Cazes" in Quebec, especially in Kamouraska. Anyway... that's my French Canadian side. If you know anything about the names I mentioned, it'd be great to hear. I will continue reading all the links you posted. Thanks again! DJT
The Monroe Historical Museums will be hosting its annual Maple Sugar Day on Saturday, February 26th from 11:00 AM to 4:00 PM at the Navarre Anderson Trading Post in Monroe, Michigan.
Visitors to the trading post complex will visit a 1790s maple sugar camp. The ‘sugar bush’ was a late winter activity that occurred when the sap began to rise into the trees as early spring approached. Visitors can watch as living historians make maple syrup following 18th century methods. Syrup was first used by Native Americans who discovered the maple tree’s sap, when cooked, reduced to a sweet amber syrup. The hot syrup, when reaching this phase was often poured out onto fresh snow, which froze the syrup upon contact into a sugary candy. Further boiling of the syrup allows the sugar to solidify and be formed into cakes. Maple syrup has been enjoyed by both Native Americans and the European settlers for hundreds of years, just as we enjoy it today.
The Navarre Anderson Trading Post complex recreates a 1790s French homestead along the River Raisin. The main building, built in 1789, is one of the oldest wooden residence still standing in the state. Other buildings at the complex include an 1810 cookhouse and a replica 1790’s French-Canadian style barn.
The Martha Barker Country Store will also be open during that time. This is the first time this year these buildings will be open to the public.
The complex is located 3775 North Custer Road in Monroe Michigan. For additional information call (734) 240-7780.
I have recently started genealogy research as a hobby. I have searched ancestry.com considerably and have been stumped looking for genealogy information in Canada about Dominique Henry Tremblay, b Aug 1857 in Canada, d 9 Feb 1904 in Oregon, likely had a brother William Clovis Tremblay (a priest). Dominique Henry immigrated to the US in about 1875 and married in about 1886 to Catherine Rupp, b Jun 1864 in Canada, d 10 Nov 1936 in Oregon. He lived in Washburn, Wisconsin from about 1888 to about 1895 and worked for Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railway, before moving to Oregon. Any tips on finding information about Dominique Henry Tremblay and his ancestors would be greatly appreciated.
William C., look in the Discussions section at the F-C short bibliography, you need to know the basics first. Get the death certificates of Dominique Henry & William Clovis, see if it gives parents, check for obits to see if other siblings are mentioned & get their obits, look for census records, perhaps the parents also came to Oregon. Once you find the parents names in Quebec, look in the Rivest or Loiselle marriage indexes for a marriage, that will give you a starting place. If you belong to Ancestry they have the church records (not indexed) so you can look for baptisms, marriages & burials. FamilySearch also has the church records (some/few indexed), same thing you will have to go through the records. The films can also be ordered in through your local Family History Center if you prefer that to looking on the monitor screen. Also once you get a couple back to Quebec, I may be able to help you (don't have a lot on the TREMBLAY family in the US), I have a database of about 38,000 TREMBLAYs which prints out (the male lines) of over 1,100 pages. Good luck. Jim.
I am researching the Thomas family as mentioned in the book, "Past and Present of Macomb County, Michigan," by Robert F. Eldredge:
"We now come to claim 174, and here find the first exception to purely French occupation we have struck in coming up the lake shore. Among the first, if not the first English speaking man to permanently locate in this part of the country was Jacob Thomas... He married into a French family, Donai by name and located on the lake shore, where his family and descendants have in part remained, and owned lands ... They have intermarried almost invariably with the French, until the fact that they were not purely French blood has been almost lost sight of."
Jacob Thomas died Jun 1799 in Detroit. I have not found the Donai name associated with him. I have found him married to Marie Josephe "Josette" Jeanne (many public trees list her as Josette Robertjeanne). Thank you for any help!
Denissen, v.2, p.1170 indicates Jacob married in Quebec to Josette ROBERTJEANNE [dit JEAN(NE)(S)] and the children are from this marriage (as does the book MARRIAGE RECORDS STE. ANNE CHURCH DETROIT 1701-1850. It is possible that Jacob 2m. to a DONAIS. However, Denissen only mentions a few DONAIS and they m. into the BELANGER family. There is also the possibility that DONAIS was a dit name for ROBERTJEANNE, but no indication of that in Tanguay's listing of dit names.
One thing to do is look at the land records for Macomb Co., however, church records indicate the wife's surname is ROBERTJEANNE and that you can probably find the marriage in either the Loiselle or Rivest marriage indexes. Good luck & keep us informed.
PS. Josette, Josephe, Josephte & Josephine are all basically interchangeable.
Noticed you are from GR. The FHC in East Lansing has both the Loiselle & Rivest indexes on film (don't need to order them). The Library of Michigan has the Loiselle index on fiche and the "blue" Drouin, parts in book form & fiche. Might be worth a visit.
I wasn't sure if my introduction was posted, so I'm sending it again here. I have just joined the group. My only known French Canadian name is SINNETT. My Sinnett ancestors were in Queens, Charlotte and York Counties, New Brunswick during the 19th century. I don't know if they were Acadian or from Quebec, but they always identified themselves as French in the census returns in contrast with other families of the name that identified themselves as Irish. I am very eager to find out the origins of my Sinnetts. Their name has been spelt in different ways, including Sinnet, Sinnot, Zenette, Zennette. My earliest known ancestor was named Francis and is buried in Millville, York, NB.
Did you notice the two links I posted on the SINNETT family in the F-C surname sites in the Discussion group? One of them is a google book you can download. While the name is French the book deals with a branch that settled in England and spread from there. SINNETT is a "dit" name for LOISELLE for the F-C group.
I also want to ask - is there a surviving ships list for the group that originally came over? In particular, the one that Olivier Charbonneau and his family arrived on. Thanks!
Not that many passenger lists exist. You may want to read about the time period and what the passengers had to go through (also check out the bibliography for leads) in Gilles Proulx's BETWEEN FRANCE AND NEW FRANCE: LIFE ABOARD THE TALL SAILING SHIPS (BTW CHARBONNEAU was not mentioned in the index).
I do not have your couple in my LALONDE/LALANDE database. You apparently have her baptism? Not sure what info you are looking for. Do you have the marriage date & place? Try looking in the Rivest & Loiselle marriage indexes if you don't, or if you can get access to the "blue" Drouin marriage index. Then use FamilySearch (free) or if you subscribe to Ancestry you can then look at the parish records to find marriage, baptisms and burials.
Thanks for the links - I will follow up on those. In the meantime, you posted before I had a chance to get back in here - I did find the ships list for Olivier Charbonneau and his family. They arrived on the Saint-Andre on 7 September 1659.
Now to check out the links you just posted! thanks again!
According to the www.bms2000.org database (transcribed records)
At the parish of "St-Joseph, Montreal (Bordeaux)", Ile-de-Montreal, Quebec on the 18th of Sept. 1911 were married:
Georges Jean-Baptiste ROY, son of Ferdinand Roy and Georgiana Chabot, and
Marie-Reine Blanche LALANDE, daughter of Isaie Lalonde (deceased) and Zephirine Paiement.
I could not find the corresponding parish registers in Ancestry.com's listing of Drouin microfilms. I'm sure the church is listed, it's just not something I can find for some reason.
Diane, that one more generation did it, here is Isaie's lineage:
1. Isaie LALANDE.
He married (1) Marie-Ange-Emma HUOT, married 29 Mar 1875 in St-Jerome, Terrebonne, Qc., CAN.
He married (2) Zephirine PAIEMENT, married 27 Nov 1876 in St-Hermas, 2 Mts., Qc., CAN.
Parents
2. Michel LALANDE, b. 1811. He married Henriette ANDRE-LAFONTAINE, married 23 Aug 1836 in St-Benoit, 2Mts., Qc., CAN.
3. Henriette ANDRE-LAFONTAINE.
Grand Parents
4. Michel LALANDE-LATREILLE, b. 1780, d. 1832, buried 22 Aug 1832 in St-Benoit, 2Mts., Qc., CAN. He married Marie-Angelique BIROLEAU-LAFLEUR, married 25 Jan 1802 in St-Eustache, 2 Mts., Qc., CAN.
5. Marie-Angelique BIROLEAU-LAFLEUR, b. c. 1785, d. 1836, buried 3 Oct 1836 in St-Benoit, 2Mts., Qc., CAN.
6. Joseph ANDRE-LAFONTAINE. He married Catherine GOURGEON.
7. Catherine GOURGEON.
Great Grand Parents
8. Jean-Baptiste LALANDE/LALONDE, b. 1750, d. 1813 in St-Eustache, 2 Mts., Qc., CAN, buried 6 May 1813 in St-Eustache-de-la-Riviere-du-Chene, Qc. He married (1) Ursule PROULX, married 11 Jan 1773 in Ste-Genevieve, 2 Mts., Qc., CAN, b. c. 1755, d. 1790, buried 3 Mar 1790 in St-Eustache-de-la-Riviere-du-Chene, Qc. He married (2) Felicite FALAISE-LEDUC, married 10 Jan 1791 in St-Eustache, 2 Mts., Qc., CAN.
9. Ursule PROULX, b. c. 1755, d. 1790, buried 3 Mar 1790 in St-Eustache-de-la-Riviere-du-Chene, Qc.
10. Michel BIROLEAU-LAFLEUR. He married Marguerite VILLERAY.
11. Marguerite VILLERAY.
Great Great Grand Parents
16. Antoine LALANDE-LATREILLE, b. c. 1708, d. 1759, buried 6 Dec 1759. He married (1) Marie-Claire COULONGE, married 11 Jul 1729 in Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Qc., CAN, b. 1705, d. 26 Apr 1733, buried 27 Apr 1744 in Bout-de-l'Ile, Montreal, Qc., CAN. He married (2) Suzanne LEGAULT/LEGAUD-DESLAURIERS, married 10 Jan 1735 in Pointe-Claire, Qc., CAN.
17. Suzanne LEGAULT/LEGAUD-DESLAURIERS.
18. Antoine PROULX. He married Marie-Anne ROY.
19. Marie-Anne ROY.
3rd Great Grand Parents
32. Leonard LALANDE-LATREILLE, b. c. 1660/72 in Magnac-Laval, France. He married Marie-Gabrielle BEAUNE/BAULNE-LaFRANCHISE, married 18 Nov 1698 in Lachine, Ile-de-Montreal, Qc., CAN.
33. Marie-Gabrielle BEAUNE/BAULNE-LaFRANCHISE, b. 1673 in Qc., CAN, d. 11 Oct 1738 in Pointe-Claire, Qc., CAN, buried 12 Oct 1738 in Pointe-Claire, Qc., CAN.
34. Noel LEGAUD-DESLAURIERS. He married Marie BESNARD.
35. Marie BESNARD.
4th Great Grand Parents
64. Jean LALANDE, b. c. 1645 in Magnac-Laval, Limoges, Haute-Vienne, FR. He married Marie LARIVIERE, married in FR.
65. Marie LARIVIERE, b. c. 1645 in FR.
66. Jean BEAUNE-LaFRANCHISE, b. 1633 in Bellenaves, Dio/Bourges, Berry, France, d. 24 Jan 1687 in Lachine, Ile-de-Montreal, Qc., CAN, buried 25 Jan 1687 in Lachine, Ile-de-Montreal, Qc., CAN. He married Marie-Madeleine BOURGERY, married 22 Aug 1667 in Quebec, Qc., CAN.
67. Marie-Madeleine BOURGERY, b. 22 Jul 1652 in Trois-Rivieres, Qc., CAN.
5th Great Grand Parents
132. Gilbert BEAUNE, b. in France, d. in France, buried in France. He married Jeanne DURON.
133. Jeanne DURON.
134. Jean-Baptiste Bourgery, b. ABT 1620 in La Rochelle, Aunis, France, buried 10 Nov 1657 in Trois-Rivieres, Qc., CAN. He married Marie Gendre, married 1643/45 in La Rochelle, Aunis, France.
135. Marie Gendre, b. 1607/24 in Surgeres, Saintonge, France.
A couple of history books I really want to recommend are THE WHITE AND THE GOLD: THE FRENCH REGIME IN CANADA, by Thomas B. Costain & DAILY LIFE IN EARLY CANADA FROM CHAMPLAIN TO MONTCALM, by Raymond Douville & Jacques-Donat Casanova. While being history they are not dry reading and they mention a lot of the early settlers (you ancestors!)
Another book which I have not read yet but comes highly recommended is Willa Cather's SHADOWS ON THE ROCK. It is historical fiction and gives a good flavor of life in New France.
Please note I have updated the surname sites (in Discussion section), and have also started to add book titles. This is an ongoing project so keep checking it. Thanks, Jim.
I have seen the term "anglois de nation" (English of Nation) in the Drouin records. Does anyone know for certain what it means? I would think that if they are mentioning it on birth, marriage and death records, it's the place of birth but I don't want to assume. Thank you!
I noticed the following from Shari (thanks!) did not get posted here, so am adding it for future reference. As she says neither the FamilySearch nor Ancestry have a complete index of the church records, however you can use the Loiselle marriage & the Rivest marriage indexes to help narrow down areas your family originate.
A message from Shari Strahan to all members of French-Canadian Descendants on Genealogy Wise!
There seems to be some confusion over what is available to us on-line. Let me take a stab at it:
There were always at least two copies of parish records - one kept with the parish, one sent into the diocese. Sometimes an individual record will have differences in content between the two copies and it is recommended you view both if at all possible. And occasionally we can see the ancestors' signatures on one, but not the other.
The Drouin microfilms are currently available to subscribers of Ancestry.ca or Ancestry.com, and directly from the Institut Genealogique Drouin at http://www.drouininstitute.com/, also for a fee. These microfilms were made about 1946 from the official records send into the dioceses, and sometimes the quality is poor or pages were "cut off." These are "indexed"on Ancestry, but this was poorly done and obviously not by French speakers. It can be impossible to rely on the index, and many of us are very frustrated by it.
Familysearch.org is also making their Quebec parish records available on-line for FREE. These are digital images of the microfilms we previously would rent and view at Family History Centers. There is no comprehensive on-line index as yet, although volunteers are pecking away at it. These records were microfilmed at the parish level in 1976, and end with records (usually) in 1876. They are NOT "Drouin" microfilms. The quality is much higher than the Drouin copies.
The real downside of the free Family Search parish records is mainly the 30 year gap between the efforts. Some register pages deteriorated in that interim (or were totally destroyed) and therefore cannot be viewed at all. Also, these records end much earlier 1876ish as opposed to the 1940s, which might be a problem for some researchers.
A message from Tricia Datene to all members of French-Canadian Descendants on Genealogy Wise!
I am new to this group. I am a direct descendant of Francois Brousson dit Lafleur
Father: Francois Brousson Mother: Francoise Gribault Birth: Abt. 1666 in St Louis de Resson sur Matz Beauvais,Picardie,France Burial: 08 Jun 1740 in Ste Anne de la Perade Death: 08 Jun 1740 in Ste Anne de la Perade, Quebec Marriage: Marie-Jeanne Collet 18 Jan 1689 in Batiscan, Q.C. Married by contract # 16 by Notary Francois Trottain. Children: Francois Brousson Jean-François Brousson Pierre Brousson Marie-Joseph Brousson Jean-Baptiste Brousson Etienne Brousson Marie-Marguerite Brousson Luc Lafleur Brousson Marie-Anne Brousson Ambroise Brousson Dit Lafleur Joseph Brousson
Person Notes: From district of Compiesne, diocese of Beauvais, Picardie (Oise), France. 1693, compagnie de Crisafy, (CFM)
I'm looking for information on Peter DeRosier/DeRosia born about 1822 in Quebec, died 1907 in Commonwealth, Wisconsin and his wife M. Rose Chatereau/Chartrand born 1825-1835 in Quebec, died 1888 in Commonwealth.
Their son Albert's Marriage license has Rose's maiden name as Chatereau but his Death Certificate has Rose's name as McDonald. I've heard from other descendants that her name is Chartrand and that McDonald was her grandmother's maiden name. Also heard Peter's parents are named Francois and Sofrana but I haven't found anything in the Drouin collection to confirm any of this.
1) Since you did not say you need to determine if Peter & Rose were married in Quebec (or Canada) or if in Wisconsin, you should be able to determine this is any children were born in Canada by the census records. You will need to look at all the children's marriage records to determine the mother's maiden name (there may have been two wives? or she may have been married twice)
2) Get the death records of Peter & Rose, hopefully that should give the parent's name.
3) If Peter & Rose were married in Quebec then look at the Loiselle and/or Fabien marriage indexes to determine a parish (you will need to know all the dit names for DeROSIER as well as keep in mind CHATEREAU/CHARTRAND & McDONALD possibilities. Once you have a parish you can check Drouin if you have a subscription to Ancestry, or Family Search or order in the parish films in through you local Family History Center which hopefully will provide you with further info such as baptisms, marriages and burials.
James P. LaLone
Dec 3, 2010
James P. LaLone
LAROSE is a “dit” name for the following:
ABIRON, AUBRY, BATINIER, BELLEAU, BERGERON, BERNET, BIZEU, BLANCHARD, BLANCHON, CARTIER, CHARON, CHAUVEAU, CHEDEVERGUE / CHEFDEVERGUE, CHEDEVERT, CLEMENCEAU, CRESPIN, CROIZAU, DAVELUY, DEGUIRE, DERNY, DERY, DOUTRE, GAUT(H)IER, GIROGUE, GIVOC, GROUARD, GUERARD, GUICHARD, GUILLOT, GUINEAU, GUIRE, HEBERT, HERODO, KERE, LAMBEYE, LAROCHE, LAURENT, LECOMPTE, LUCHEUX, MAILLOU, MAROT, MAZEAU, METIVIER, MIRMOND, RAVELET, REBEL, RICHARD, ROSE, SAUVIN, ST-GERMAIN, TAUPIER, TISSAUT, VIGEANT. For LAROSEE see also ALY, FARE & SILVAIN, (Ref: Tanguay, v.7, pp.553-4).
For LALUMONDIERE the “dit” name is LAFLEUR.
Have no listing in Tanguay for THOMURE, however names which are close are:
THAUMIER & THAUMUR de la SOURCE
Hopes this helps some., Jim.
Dec 5, 2010
James P. LaLone
Dec 5, 2010
James P. LaLone
http://www.genealogywise.com/group/acadiangenealogyhistory
http://www.genealogywise.com/group/nativeamericanancestry?commentId...
http://www.genealogywise.com/group/louisianaancestry?
Dec 7, 2010
James P. LaLone
Dec 23, 2010
James P. LaLone
Jan 1, 2011
Patricia Quinn
Jan 1, 2011
James P. LaLone
From the French-Canadian Heritage Society of Michigan:
Hello Folks,
I just wanted to let you know that I updated the Contents bibliography for
Michigan's Habitant Heritage. It now covers from 1998 to 2010. Point your
browser to http://fchsm.habitant.org/Journal.html, slip down the page to the
Contents subheading, and then click on the Contents button. Alternatively,
you can just point your browser to http://fchsm.habitant.org/MHHContents.pdf
to go directly to the bibliography. The file is in Adobe Acrobat format so
you will need the Adobe Acrobat Reader to view it.
The bibliography is sorted by author and article title. However, you can
use the search feature in Adobe Acrobat to look for subjects of interest.
It is my goal to enter all our table of contents back to 1980, the founding
year for our journal and Society.
Regards,
John P. DuLong, Ph.D.
Acadian and French-Canadian Genealogy
959 Oxford Road
Berkley, MI 48072-2011
(248) 541-2894, home
(248) 890-4853, cell
http://habitant.org
Jan 2, 2011
James P. LaLone
Thanks to Suzanne Sommerville, current editor of Michigan's Habitant Heritage, for permission to reprint the following from her handout on French-Canadian research.
From handout by Suzanne Sommerville:
SEVENTEENTH- AND EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY RECORDS (considered in historical perspective):
TANGUAY
Tanguay, L’Abbé Cyprian. Dictionnaire Généalogique des Familles Canadiennes.
Éditions Élysée, 1975 reprint in seven volumes, originally published 1871-1890.
The great-grandfather of French-Canadian genealogy. Selected and transcribed vital records from the beginnings of the New France colony to scattered references to late 18th century. Not all parish registers consulted, but contains documentation for some original records that have since disappeared, such as some of the Sorel parish records. Flawed by many guesses, “corrections” or assumed additions; incorrect links of children to parents; and the suppression of illegitimate births. Tanguay’s valuable work has been revised ever since it first appeared. Some corrections and additions were provided by LEBOEUF in the 1950s. Use Tanguay with extreme caution, especially for events without a precise date. Tanguay is available on CD-Rom and in some libraries in book form, and from the Web, a huge file. Remember that “n” is naissance (birth) and “b” is baptême (baptism); “s” is sépulture (burial), not death (décès)
CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST LATTER DAY SAINTS, the Mormons : FHL
Family History Library. BMD and Census records. http://www.familysearch.org
The largest genealogical data base in the world. You can access its card catalog and key databases online or at local Family History Centers. Unfortunately, this data base is not particularly helpful for modern French-Canadian genealogy as most of the contributions were taken from the older indexes and not from more current research. Microfilms of actual parish, notarial, and census records, though, can be borrowed and used at FHL centers and are VERY valuable, as are the internet digital images of records at Family Search Pilot.
“RED” DROUIN
Commissioned by the Drouin Institute, which researched “pedigrees” for pay and went out of business in 1970. Originally based mainly on Tanguay and, therefore, subject to the same cautions and restrictions. Now on CD- Rom. Called “red” because of the color of the cover of the book.
JETTÉ
Jetté, René. Dictionnaire généalogique des familles du Québec.
Les Presses de l’Université de Montréal. 1983. Copy at Mount Clemens Library.
Vital records up to 1730 only, based on PRDH as of 1983 but without references to many notarial records and other primary sources consulted since 1983. Valuable, but contains some errors or misreadings. Updates and corrections have been published in a variety of sources, including PRDH.
“BLUE” DROUIN: marriages-only dictionaries, indexed by male and female last names, that cover the years 1760-1935. The Blue Drouin in book form is rare; only 18 copies are accessible to the public. See also http://www.francogene.com/qc-res/blue.php
PRDH Programme de recherche en démographie historique – Currently *BEST* for records from the mother colony, to 1799, less complete for originally French settlements in modern-day U. S. [In English: Program of research in historical demography]
A NEW reading and computerization of actual extant records, begun in the 1960s and committed to ongoing corrections and additions. Originally designed to support research in demographics, population patterns, as its title states, so links were not attempted among families in the book form edition. Spelling is as found on the records (or as read by whoever did the reading from the originals!). You may well find the same ancestor listed under varied spellings and one or more "dit" or “dite,” the feminine version, (called or also-known-as) names, but names have been standardized on the Internet version to ease searching. Contains references from early censuses, confirmations, lists of patients at some hospitals, etc. The Internet edition provides family links. All names recorded in the text of a document are transcribed, such as parents, godparents (although not identified as such), witnesses, officiating priests, and sometimes brothers or sisters
or other relatives of married couples, if mentioned in the text, for all records, basically, to 1765. Later “certificates” are not as complete. Names of those who only signed a document, such as a marriage contract, are NOT listed if the names do not appear in the text. I have found some interesting information by examining copies of the originals to see all of the signatures. Some labels on the “certificates,” such as whether an individual was present at an event (for example, the father and mother of a baptized child) can cause misunderstanding in interpreting the original event. All that can be said is that the parents were considered to be alive at the time of the record unless one or both signed as present.
PRDH: Programme de recherche en démographie historique (Program of research in historical demography). Gaëtan Morin Éditeur. http://www.genealogie.umontreal.ca
Available in book format, records to 1765; on CD-Rom to 1799 (very expensive), and on the Internet to 1799, with some deaths after 1799 now included. There is an English version. You can browse the Internet site at no cost but must subscribe to see the full “certificates” available. Cost is very reasonable. Background material on the site is wonderful. Take the time to read it and to examine the sample documents and to consult the glossary. Also see Name Variations.
So, when ONLY Tanguay or the earlier sources, for both genealogy and history, are cited, researchers must understand that genealogical and historical research is on-going.
Jan 11, 2011
James P. LaLone
Interesting...
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0n-5kLi6iU
Jan 16, 2011
James P. LaLone
Jan 16, 2011
Claire V. Brisson-Banks
Jan 17, 2011
James P. LaLone
If you have ancestors who settled in Vincennes this might be on interest:
http://maddiesancestorsearch.blogspot.com/2011/01/enumeration-of-male-inhabitants-french.html#comments
http://maddiesancestorsearch.blogspot.com/2011/01/enumeration-of-male-inhabitants-french_19.html#commentsJan 19, 2011
timothy hal
Hi Iam looking for the birth of Charles Crawford born in Canada about 1816 His father was John Crawford a baker As found in Charles marriage cert in London 1847 Came to UK as a mariner and stayed
Found a Charles Crofort father Jean born May 1815 The birth was in French
Thank You Tim
Jan 24, 2011
James P. LaLone
Jan 24, 2011
Daniel Joseph Teitelbaum
Jan 24, 2011
James P. LaLone
Maple Sugar Day at Navarre Anderson Trading Post
The Monroe Historical Museums will be hosting its annual Maple Sugar Day on Saturday, February 26th from 11:00 AM to 4:00 PM at the Navarre Anderson Trading Post in Monroe, Michigan.
Visitors to the trading post complex will visit a 1790s maple sugar camp. The ‘sugar bush’ was a late winter activity that occurred when the sap began to rise into the trees as early spring approached. Visitors can watch as living historians make maple syrup following 18th century methods. Syrup was first used by Native Americans who discovered the maple tree’s sap, when cooked, reduced to a sweet amber syrup. The hot syrup, when reaching this phase was often poured out onto fresh snow, which froze the syrup upon contact into a sugary candy. Further boiling of the syrup allows the sugar to solidify and be formed into cakes. Maple syrup has been enjoyed by both Native Americans and the European settlers for hundreds of years, just as we enjoy it today.
The Navarre Anderson Trading Post complex recreates a 1790s French homestead along the River Raisin. The main building, built in 1789, is one of the oldest wooden residence still standing in the state. Other buildings at the complex include an 1810 cookhouse and a replica 1790’s French-Canadian style barn.
The Martha Barker Country Store will also be open during that time. This is the first time this year these buildings will be open to the public.
The complex is located 3775 North Custer Road in Monroe Michigan. For additional information call (734) 240-7780.
Feb 2, 2011
James P. LaLone
Some brief sketches of some of the early settlers:
Feb 3, 2011
James P. LaLone
Feb 7, 2011
William Charles Tremblay
Feb 14, 2011
James P. LaLone
Feb 14, 2011
James P. LaLone
French words to help translate vital recordsL
http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~luxwgw/frword.htm
http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Search/rg/frameset_rg.asp?Dest=G1&a...
Don't forget Google and Bablefish also have translation programs.
Feb 14, 2011
Tj Thomas
I am researching the Thomas family as mentioned in the book, "Past and Present of Macomb County, Michigan," by Robert F. Eldredge:
"We now come to claim 174, and here find the first exception to purely French occupation we have struck in coming up the lake shore. Among the first, if not the first English speaking man to permanently locate in this part of the country was Jacob Thomas... He married into a French family, Donai by name and located on the lake shore, where his family and descendants have in part remained, and owned lands ... They have intermarried almost invariably with the French, until the fact that they were not purely French blood has been almost lost sight of."
Jacob Thomas died Jun 1799 in Detroit. I have not found the Donai name associated with him. I have found him married to Marie Josephe "Josette" Jeanne (many public trees list her as Josette Robertjeanne). Thank you for any help!
Feb 14, 2011
James P. LaLone
Tj,
Denissen, v.2, p.1170 indicates Jacob married in Quebec to Josette ROBERTJEANNE [dit JEAN(NE)(S)] and the children are from this marriage (as does the book MARRIAGE RECORDS STE. ANNE CHURCH DETROIT 1701-1850. It is possible that Jacob 2m. to a DONAIS. However, Denissen only mentions a few DONAIS and they m. into the BELANGER family. There is also the possibility that DONAIS was a dit name for ROBERTJEANNE, but no indication of that in Tanguay's listing of dit names.
One thing to do is look at the land records for Macomb Co., however, church records indicate the wife's surname is ROBERTJEANNE and that you can probably find the marriage in either the Loiselle or Rivest marriage indexes. Good luck & keep us informed.
PS. Josette, Josephe, Josephte & Josephine are all basically interchangeable.
Feb 14, 2011
James P. LaLone
Interesting site:
http://habitantsandvoyageurs.blogspot.com/2010/06/meanwhile-back-in...
Feb 15, 2011
James P. LaLone
Tj,
Noticed you are from GR. The FHC in East Lansing has both the Loiselle & Rivest indexes on film (don't need to order them). The Library of Michigan has the Loiselle index on fiche and the "blue" Drouin, parts in book form & fiche. Might be worth a visit.
Feb 16, 2011
Tj Thomas
Feb 16, 2011
Richard Norwood
Feb 16, 2011
James P. LaLone
Another interesting site:
http://www.quebecheritageweb.com/
Feb 19, 2011
James P. LaLone
Richard N.
Did you notice the two links I posted on the SINNETT family in the F-C surname sites in the Discussion group? One of them is a google book you can download. While the name is French the book deals with a branch that settled in England and spread from there. SINNETT is a "dit" name for LOISELLE for the F-C group.
Feb 19, 2011
Richard Norwood
Feb 19, 2011
Richard Norwood
Feb 19, 2011
James P. LaLone
Acadian census for 1671
http://www.zonecousinage.com/recensement/acadie1671.html
Feb 20, 2011
Patricia Quinn
The zonecousinage.com site is great! Just found a whole bunch of little tidbits that I was having problems locating before. Thanks Jim!
Feb 20, 2011
Patricia Quinn
Feb 20, 2011
James P. LaLone
Patricia Q.,
Not that many passenger lists exist. You may want to read about the time period and what the passengers had to go through (also check out the bibliography for leads) in Gilles Proulx's BETWEEN FRANCE AND NEW FRANCE: LIFE ABOARD THE TALL SAILING SHIPS (BTW CHARBONNEAU was not mentioned in the index).
See also:
http://www.olivetreegenealogy.com/ships/qu_ships.shtml
http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/02/020112_e.html
http://www3.telus.net/michel_robert/
http://naviresnouvellefrance.com/html/vaisseaux2/Rechercheequipages...
Feb 20, 2011
James P. LaLone
Diane B.,
I do not have your couple in my LALONDE/LALANDE database. You apparently have her baptism? Not sure what info you are looking for. Do you have the marriage date & place? Try looking in the Rivest & Loiselle marriage indexes if you don't, or if you can get access to the "blue" Drouin marriage index. Then use FamilySearch (free) or if you subscribe to Ancestry you can then look at the parish records to find marriage, baptisms and burials.
Feb 20, 2011
Patricia Quinn
Thanks for the links - I will follow up on those. In the meantime, you posted before I had a chance to get back in here - I did find the ships list for Olivier Charbonneau and his family. They arrived on the Saint-Andre on 7 September 1659.
Now to check out the links you just posted! thanks again!
Feb 20, 2011
Shari Strahan
According to the www.bms2000.org database (transcribed records)
At the parish of "St-Joseph, Montreal (Bordeaux)", Ile-de-Montreal, Quebec on the 18th of Sept. 1911 were married:
Georges Jean-Baptiste ROY, son of Ferdinand Roy and Georgiana Chabot, and
Marie-Reine Blanche LALANDE, daughter of Isaie Lalonde (deceased) and Zephirine Paiement.
I could not find the corresponding parish registers in Ancestry.com's listing of Drouin microfilms. I'm sure the church is listed, it's just not something I can find for some reason.
Best regards,
Shari Strahan
Genealogist
Feb 21, 2011
timothy hal
Hi Looking for birth of Charles Crawford born about 1815 Father John
Thank You
Feb 21, 2011
James P. LaLone
Diane, that one more generation did it, here is Isaie's lineage:
He married (1) Marie-Ange-Emma HUOT, married 29 Mar 1875 in St-Jerome, Terrebonne, Qc., CAN.
He married (2) Zephirine PAIEMENT, married 27 Nov 1876 in St-Hermas, 2 Mts., Qc., CAN.
Parents
2. Michel LALANDE, b. 1811. He married Henriette ANDRE-LAFONTAINE, married 23 Aug 1836 in St-Benoit, 2Mts., Qc., CAN.
3. Henriette ANDRE-LAFONTAINE.
Grand Parents
4. Michel LALANDE-LATREILLE, b. 1780, d. 1832, buried 22 Aug 1832 in St-Benoit, 2Mts., Qc., CAN. He married Marie-Angelique BIROLEAU-LAFLEUR, married 25 Jan 1802 in St-Eustache, 2 Mts., Qc., CAN.
5. Marie-Angelique BIROLEAU-LAFLEUR, b. c. 1785, d. 1836, buried 3 Oct 1836 in St-Benoit, 2Mts., Qc., CAN.
6. Joseph ANDRE-LAFONTAINE. He married Catherine GOURGEON.
7. Catherine GOURGEON.
Great Grand Parents
8. Jean-Baptiste LALANDE/LALONDE, b. 1750, d. 1813 in St-Eustache, 2 Mts., Qc., CAN, buried 6 May 1813 in St-Eustache-de-la-Riviere-du-Chene, Qc. He married (1) Ursule PROULX, married 11 Jan 1773 in Ste-Genevieve, 2 Mts., Qc., CAN, b. c. 1755, d. 1790, buried 3 Mar 1790 in St-Eustache-de-la-Riviere-du-Chene, Qc. He married (2) Felicite FALAISE-LEDUC, married 10 Jan 1791 in St-Eustache, 2 Mts., Qc., CAN.
9. Ursule PROULX, b. c. 1755, d. 1790, buried 3 Mar 1790 in St-Eustache-de-la-Riviere-du-Chene, Qc.
10. Michel BIROLEAU-LAFLEUR. He married Marguerite VILLERAY.
11. Marguerite VILLERAY.
Great Great Grand Parents
16. Antoine LALANDE-LATREILLE, b. c. 1708, d. 1759, buried 6 Dec 1759. He married (1) Marie-Claire COULONGE, married 11 Jul 1729 in Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Qc., CAN, b. 1705, d. 26 Apr 1733, buried 27 Apr 1744 in Bout-de-l'Ile, Montreal, Qc., CAN. He married (2) Suzanne LEGAULT/LEGAUD-DESLAURIERS, married 10 Jan 1735 in Pointe-Claire, Qc., CAN.
17. Suzanne LEGAULT/LEGAUD-DESLAURIERS.
18. Antoine PROULX. He married Marie-Anne ROY.
19. Marie-Anne ROY.
3rd Great Grand Parents
32. Leonard LALANDE-LATREILLE, b. c. 1660/72 in Magnac-Laval, France. He married Marie-Gabrielle BEAUNE/BAULNE-LaFRANCHISE, married 18 Nov 1698 in Lachine, Ile-de-Montreal, Qc., CAN.
33. Marie-Gabrielle BEAUNE/BAULNE-LaFRANCHISE, b. 1673 in Qc., CAN, d. 11 Oct 1738 in Pointe-Claire, Qc., CAN, buried 12 Oct 1738 in Pointe-Claire, Qc., CAN.
34. Noel LEGAUD-DESLAURIERS. He married Marie BESNARD.
35. Marie BESNARD.
4th Great Grand Parents
64. Jean LALANDE, b. c. 1645 in Magnac-Laval, Limoges, Haute-Vienne, FR. He married Marie LARIVIERE, married in FR.
65. Marie LARIVIERE, b. c. 1645 in FR.
66. Jean BEAUNE-LaFRANCHISE, b. 1633 in Bellenaves, Dio/Bourges, Berry, France, d. 24 Jan 1687 in Lachine, Ile-de-Montreal, Qc., CAN, buried 25 Jan 1687 in Lachine, Ile-de-Montreal, Qc., CAN. He married Marie-Madeleine BOURGERY, married 22 Aug 1667 in Quebec, Qc., CAN.
67. Marie-Madeleine BOURGERY, b. 22 Jul 1652 in Trois-Rivieres, Qc., CAN.
5th Great Grand Parents
132. Gilbert BEAUNE, b. in France, d. in France, buried in France. He married Jeanne DURON.
133. Jeanne DURON.
134. Jean-Baptiste Bourgery, b. ABT 1620 in La Rochelle, Aunis, France, buried 10 Nov 1657 in Trois-Rivieres, Qc., CAN. He married Marie Gendre, married 1643/45 in La Rochelle, Aunis, France.
135. Marie Gendre, b. 1607/24 in Surgeres, Saintonge, France.
6th Great Grand Parents
270. Moyse Gendre. He married Jeanne
Feb 21, 2011
James P. LaLone
A couple of history books I really want to recommend are THE WHITE AND THE GOLD: THE FRENCH REGIME IN CANADA, by Thomas B. Costain & DAILY LIFE IN EARLY CANADA FROM CHAMPLAIN TO MONTCALM, by Raymond Douville & Jacques-Donat Casanova. While being history they are not dry reading and they mention a lot of the early settlers (you ancestors!)
Another book which I have not read yet but comes highly recommended is Willa Cather's SHADOWS ON THE ROCK. It is historical fiction and gives a good flavor of life in New France.
Feb 22, 2011
Daniel Joseph Teitelbaum
Feb 22, 2011
James P. LaLone
Feb 24, 2011
Tj Thomas
Feb 24, 2011
James P. LaLone
I noticed the following from Shari (thanks!) did not get posted here, so am adding it for future reference. As she says neither the FamilySearch nor Ancestry have a complete index of the church records, however you can use the Loiselle marriage & the Rivest marriage indexes to help narrow down areas your family originate.
There seems to be some confusion over what is available to us on-line. Let me take a stab at it:
There were always at least two copies of parish records - one kept with the parish, one sent into the diocese. Sometimes an individual record will have differences in content between the two copies and it is recommended you view both if at all possible. And occasionally we can see the ancestors' signatures on one, but not the other.
The Drouin microfilms are currently available to subscribers of Ancestry.ca or Ancestry.com, and directly from the Institut Genealogique Drouin at http://www.drouininstitute.com/, also for a fee. These microfilms were made about 1946 from the official records send into the dioceses, and sometimes the quality is poor or pages were "cut off." These are "indexed"on Ancestry, but this was poorly done and obviously not by French speakers. It can be impossible to rely on the index, and many of us are very frustrated by it.
Familysearch.org is also making their Quebec parish records available on-line for FREE. These are digital images of the microfilms we previously would rent and view at Family History Centers. There is no comprehensive on-line index as yet, although volunteers are pecking away at it. These records were microfilmed at the parish level in 1976, and end with records (usually) in 1876. They are NOT "Drouin" microfilms. The quality is much higher than the Drouin copies.
The real downside of the free Family Search parish records is mainly the 30 year gap between the efforts. Some register pages deteriorated in that interim (or were totally destroyed) and therefore cannot be viewed at all. Also, these records end much earlier 1876ish as opposed to the 1940s, which might be a problem for some researchers.
Regards,
Shari Strahan
Genealogist
Feb 25, 2011
James P. LaLone
Tj,
I would say that means English as opposed to being French.
Feb 25, 2011
James P. LaLone
I am new to this group. I am a direct descendant of
Francois Brousson dit Lafleur
Father: Francois Brousson
Mother: Francoise Gribault
Birth: Abt. 1666 in St Louis de Resson sur Matz Beauvais,Picardie,France
Burial: 08 Jun 1740 in Ste Anne de la Perade
Death: 08 Jun 1740 in Ste Anne de la Perade, Quebec
Marriage: Marie-Jeanne Collet 18 Jan 1689 in Batiscan, Q.C. Married by contract
# 16 by Notary Francois Trottain.
Children:
Francois Brousson
Jean-François Brousson
Pierre Brousson
Marie-Joseph Brousson
Jean-Baptiste Brousson
Etienne Brousson
Marie-Marguerite Brousson
Luc Lafleur Brousson
Marie-Anne Brousson
Ambroise Brousson Dit Lafleur
Joseph Brousson
Person Notes:
From district of Compiesne, diocese of Beauvais, Picardie (Oise), France.
1693, compagnie de Crisafy, (CFM)
Mar 4, 2011
Chris Bitner
Hello,
I'm looking for information on Peter DeRosier/DeRosia born about 1822 in Quebec, died 1907 in Commonwealth, Wisconsin and his wife M. Rose Chatereau/Chartrand born 1825-1835 in Quebec, died 1888 in Commonwealth.
Their son Albert's Marriage license has Rose's maiden name as Chatereau but his Death Certificate has Rose's name as McDonald. I've heard from other descendants that her name is Chartrand and that McDonald was her grandmother's maiden name. Also heard Peter's parents are named Francois and Sofrana but I haven't found anything in the Drouin collection to confirm any of this.
Mar 6, 2011
James P. LaLone
Chris -
1) Since you did not say you need to determine if Peter & Rose were married in Quebec (or Canada) or if in Wisconsin, you should be able to determine this is any children were born in Canada by the census records. You will need to look at all the children's marriage records to determine the mother's maiden name (there may have been two wives? or she may have been married twice)
2) Get the death records of Peter & Rose, hopefully that should give the parent's name.
3) If Peter & Rose were married in Quebec then look at the Loiselle and/or Fabien marriage indexes to determine a parish (you will need to know all the dit names for DeROSIER as well as keep in mind CHATEREAU/CHARTRAND & McDONALD possibilities. Once you have a parish you can check Drouin if you have a subscription to Ancestry, or Family Search or order in the parish films in through you local Family History Center which hopefully will provide you with further info such as baptisms, marriages and burials.
Good luck, Jim
Mar 7, 2011